The Council of Constantinople (AD 381): The meeting
This journal article examines the Council of Constantinople (AD 381), which was convened to address ongoing heresies regarding the nature of Christ and the Holy Spirit following the Council of Nicea. Kuiper explains the historical context, the 186 bishops in attendance, and the council's significant doctrinal decisions, particularly its affirmation of the deity of the Holy Spirit and orthodox Christian doctrine against Arian and semi-Arian errors. This resource provides helpful historical grounding for understanding how the early church defended the doctrine of the Trinity against false teaching.
Previous article in this series: December 1, 2020, p. 112. We have now explained why the second ecumenical council in Constantinople (381) was necessary. Although the first ecumenical council in Nicea (325) had condemned Arianism (which denied that Christ is God), that heresy continued to hold influence and semi-Arianism (which said that Christ is similar to God, although not God) had developed. Some who opposed Arianism developed other wrong views of Christ. In addition, the question arose...
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