Arnold J. Toynbee: An Introduction, Analysis, and Evaluation

One of the greatest of the twentieth century philosophers and interpreters of history was Arnold J. Toynbee. Spengler (1880-1936), the German philosopher who taught in his book, The Decline of the West, that every culture passes through a life cycle similar to that of human life, never became as popular as Toynbee. Toynbee’s works did become popular among historians and the authorized condensation by Sommervell of Toynbee’s 12-volume A Study of History helped to popularize his works and ideas....