Berengar and Transubstantiation (2)

Introduction During the Middle Ages two controversies were carried on over the doctrine of Christ's presence in the bread and wine of the Lord's Supper before the view of transubstantiation was finally adopted. One controversy occurred in the ninth century; the other in the eleventh. The controversy in the ninth century was between Radbertus and Ratramnus, both monks in the monastery in Corbie, France. Radbertus taught that the bread and wine were literally changed into the body and blood of...