Arnold J. Toynbee: An Introduction, Analysis and Evaluation (V)

Having been inspired by Bulgarian peasants wearing fox-skin caps like the caps Herodotus and Xerxes’ troops wore, Arnold J. Toynbee began The Study of History in 1922. In his study Toynbee distinguishes 21 civilizations and these grow by responding successfully to challenges under the leadership of creative minorities and decline when leaders fail to act creatively, Toynbee does not wish to believe that the fall of civilization is inevitable and he attempts to flee from the doctrine of...